Which unit performs calculations and logic operations?

• A. Control Unit
• B. Cache
• C. Arithmetic and Logic Unit
• D. Program Counter

Answer: (C)

Calculations and logic operations are handled by the arithmetic and logic unit, the ALU, inside the CPU. It performs operations such as addition, subtraction, and bitwise logic like AND, OR, and NOT on data retrieved from registers, producing a result that is stored back for further use or to influence a decision. The control unit, by contrast, coordinates the instruction flow and signals the ALU, but does not itself compute. Cache provides fast temporary storage for data and instructions, not arithmetic work, and the program counter simply tracks the address of the next instruction to fetch. So, the Arithmetic and Logic Unit is the part that performs calculations and logic operations.