Define memory-mapped I/O and its advantages over port-mapped I/O.

• A. Memory-mapped I/O maps device registers into normal address space, enabling standard memory access patterns; often faster and simpler.
• B. Memory-mapped I/O uses dedicated I/O space and requires special instructions; it is slower.
• C. Memory-mapped I/O is deprecated; port-mapped I/O is the modern approach.
• D. Memory-mapped I/O disables CPU caching for devices.

Answer: (A)